Reversing-gear for internal-combustion engines.



J, KYLLIKINEN.

REVERSING GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 8. I9I2.

1 ,58, Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

Ju/M AM Wu 4 mwVs/v JUHANA KYLLIAINEN, HELSINKI, FINLAND.

REVERSING-GEAR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Got. 24, 1916.

Original application filed August 31, 1911, Serial No. 647,114. Divided and this application filed October 8, 1912. Serial No. 724,641.

1 b all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JUI-IANA KYLLIAINEN, a citizen of Finland, residing at Helsinki, Finland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reversing-Gear for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

In accordance with this invention the ignition shaft of the engine is longitudinally 1= movable and is provided with a grooved bushing adapted to hold the shaft in its different positions of longitudinal movement, the shaft being also provided with circuit closer and brushes for causing the sparking at the right time for normal working in either direction and for reversing, the sparking time being controlled by the longitudinal position of the ignition shaft.

In the accompanying drawing: Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view of a grooved bushing for a two-cycle single cylinder motor; Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic end *iew showing the relations of the parts of the circuit closer; Fig. 3 is a peripheral development of said bushing shown in relation to the circuit closer, also similarly developed; Fig. 4 is a central vertical sectional view of a reversing gear for a two-cycle single cylinder motor; Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the Fig. 4 along the line CD; Fig. 6 is a plan of the Fig. 4:.

Reference will first be made to Figs. 1 to 3. The ignition-shaft L is adapted for a two cycle engine and is constructed so as to permit it to move along its axis, a bushing W1 (Figs. 1 to 5) provided with four grooves 1, 2,3 and 4E being fastened on said shaft. The grooves cooperate with respective corresponding circuit closers 700 730,, 720 and 700,, each situated at a point on one of the tracks 1, 2', 3, 1 of the ignition drum (K00), which is fastened on the same shaft L as the bushing (W1). During the rotation of the shaft, a pin 25 engages in and may be said to move relatively to the groove 1 in the direction indicated by the arrows, and the circuit closer (760 causes the charge to be ignited when said circuit closer touches the brush it at the end of the compression. The distance the bushing moves angularly relatively to the brush during the expansion is shown by 79a, during the exhaust by 290, and during the compression by 1m. As may be seen, these contact-pieces are arranged so that 700, ignites at the end of the compression-stroke 700 at the beginning of the C0111- pression, or if the direction of rotation is opposite 700 ignites, at the beginning of the compression, and 700 at the end of the compression-stroke in the same way as 700,. The grooves 1at are connected with each other by means of oblique grooves a, b, 0, cl, 6. If it is desired to effect a rotation in the opposite direction, the ignition shaft with its bushing must be moved so that 760 comes under the brush it, which insures ignition at the beginning of the compression. Gases caused by the combustion are compressed and expand again during the following stroke, but the action of the counterpressure is, of course, greater during the compression than the driving action during the expansion, because of the radiation of heat. As a consequence of this, the speed slackens till the motor finally stops, after a number of strokes, near the end of the compression stroke, and the motor begins to rotate in the opposite direction. As soon as the motor has commenced to run in the opposite direction, the bushing is adjusted so that ignition by means of k0, comes into action and an ordinary backward rotation takes place. If, on the other hand, a rotation forward is wanted, the ignition shaft must be moved so that the contact piece k0, comes into action, and, as soon as the direction of the rotation is changed, the ignition shaft is moved to bring 700 into action.

The bushing W1" is shown by Fig. 1, Fig. 3 giving a view of its periphery. To the engine is fastened a pin, which runs in one of the grooves lt, or, when the bushing is moved sidewise through one of the oblique grooves from one main-groove to another. During rotation in the forward direction, the pin 25 runs in the groove Z in the direction indicated by the arrows. If the ignition shaft, with its bushing is moved to the left on the drawings, the pin t at the cut-out ortion a can be moved, at the moment wien the exhaust-stroke ends and the compression-stroke begins, to the groove 2, and an alteration of the direction of the rotation takes place, as already described. During the backward rotation the pin can move to the oblique grooves Z2 and a to the groove 4, and the contact-piece 700, comes under the brush, which corresponds to a normal backward rotation. The paths through which the pin and the brush go, owing to the movement ofthe bushing and the ignition drum, during the expansion, the exhaust and the compression is shown by pa p0 and 79% When the rotation is to be changed from backward to forward, the bushing is pressed to the right on the drawings so that the pin at the cut out portion d moves from the groove 4 to the groove 3 and, the direction of the rotation having Changed, through the oblique grooves Z2-e, to the groove Z. In this way, the direction can be altered from full speed ahead to full speed backward and from forward to backward.

The practical arrangement of reversing gear according tothe above described principle is shown for a single cylinder twocycle motor in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, showing the bushing Wr and the circuit closer Ka, both fastened on the shaft 1 which by means of the lever B can be moved vertically. k represents the brush which slides against either of the tracks 1, 2, 3 or 4 and which by means of the lever A can be angularly ad justed so as to cause the point of ignition to be advanced or retarded. The shaft L which holds the bushing W1 and the circuit closer Ka gets the rotary motion from the main shaft by means of a pair of bevel wheels. The pin 27 which slides in the grooves 14 is fastened to the main frame; the brush it is fastened to an open or closed frame which can be angularly adjusted so that the ignition takes place later to slow the engine down before reversing. The shaft L is vertically adjustable, the position of the shaft L and lever B is shown in the Fi 4 for the forward rotation.

I claim as my invention 1. In a reversing gear for internal combustion engines, the combination of a support; a brush carried thereon; an'ignition shaft provided with four contacts longitudinally and angularly displaced from each other and so disposed thereon angularly that the two end contacts cause ignition at the end of the compression when the end is running in respective opposite directions, the contacts ad acent to said end contacts being placed so as to cause ignition at the beginning for compression for said respective directions; and means for moving said shaft longitudinally of the brush and the support.

2. In a reversing gear for internal combustion engines, the combination of a support; a pin and a brush carried on said support; an ignition shaft provided with four interconnecting grooves; four contacts on said shafts longitudinally displaced from each other; said pin, brush, contacts and grooves being so relatively displaced that, when the pin engages a groove, the brush is adapted for contact with a corresponding contact; and means for causing relative longitudinal movement between said shaft and brush.

3. In a reversing gear for internal combustion engines, the combination of a support; a pin and a brush carried by said support; an ignition shaft; four contacts longitudinally displaced on said shaft and so disposed thereon angnlarly that the two end contacts cause ignition at the end of the compression when the end is running in respective opposite directions; a bushing on said shaft and provided with four interconnecting grooves, said brush, pin, grooves and contacts being so spaced that when the pin engages in a groove, the brush is adapted for contact with a corresponding contact; and means for causing relative longitudinal displacement between said brush and shaft.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JUHANA KYLLIAINEN.

Witnesses:

ANNA SoHRoEoER, HJALMAR OKES BLoM.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents' Washington, D. C. 

